New Federal Reserve provides a statutory mandate so you're able to act as bank from final resort toward bank system, concerning its ability to would lender reserves, that enables it in order to satisfy very elastic interest in liquidity in days of financial markets worry

By comparison, this new FHFA report notes that FHLBs' lending strength are limited of the their capability to raise obligations financing on investment areas, which the FHLBs are minimal inside their feature to generally meet sizable exchangeability needs later throughout the day otherwise immediately following obligations , some stressed finance companies were efficiently using the FHLBs as his or her lender out of last resource.

Because revealed for the an earlier Yale Program towards the Monetary Balances article , some banking institutions were entirely unprepared so you're able to acquire throughout the write off windows since expanding deposit outflows improved their requirements getting liquidity on the springtime of 2023. The fresh write off windows offer borrowing from the bank up against a much broader world off guarantee compared to the FHLBs, that simply provide up against houses-relevant guarantee and regulators bonds.